Which year to buy
Too new to judge: 2026. Give a new year a year or two of owner reports.
Bar height: serious owner complaints to NHTSA for that year per car on the road, against this model's usual year.
2013CAREFULSerious complaints 1.7× usual, mostly suspension and power train
250 serious complaints of 459, the most about suspension (91) and power train (35); per car on the road, 1.7× this model's usual year. 11 recalls. NHTSA investigation EA21002: desiccated air bag inflator rupture. NHTSA investigation PE13037: fire - propulsion battery - road debris.
What owners report
“Here is another tesla in the junkyard: https://www.copart.com/lot/35967857/photos the car is completely undamaged apart from the lh rear wheel which is skewed over at a crazy angle. No air-bags have deployed. There is no impact damage. The tire and wheel are undamaged. This can not be the result of a collision.”
An owner's complaint to NHTSA about the suspension, Sep 2017
“On 4/15 2016 my wife was driving the car on a one lane road and the "power plant" failed (per the tesla service invoice) and the car immediately lost all power. The care was towed to the service center in rocklin california.”
An owner's complaint to NHTSA about the power train, Apr 2016
459 owner complaints · 11 recalls (check a car's VIN for open recalls) · EPA combined: 89–95 mpg · NHTSA: 5 of 5 stars · 2013 trims and features
Every Model S year's verdict →
Verdicts computed from NHTSA owner complaints, defect investigations and recalls. Cars on the road from New York State registrations. (How we judge.) Data checked 2026-10-06.
Trims and features
Engines: Electric · Drive: RWD
2013 Model S trims
| w/DC Fast Charge |
|---|
base price, seating and driver-assistance equipment from NHTSA's vehicle database (vPIC), as Tesla reports it. Tech and comfort features (CarPlay, heated seats, sunroof) for Tesla aren't in our data yet. "—": not verified in our sources. "Varies": standard on some versions of the trim.
Year by year
| Year | Engines | Drive | Fuel economy | Crash rating | Recalls | Owner complaints | Most-reported problem | CarPlay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Electric | AWD | 93–124 MPGe | Not rated | 0 | 4 | Vehicle speed control (2) | — |
| 2025 | Electric | AWD | 93–124 MPGe | Not rated | 2 | 6 | Power train (2) | — |
| 2024 | Electric | AWD | 96–122 MPGe | Not rated | 6 | 38 | Unknown or other (23) | — |
| 2023 | Electric | AWD | 120 MPGe | Not rated | 13 | 113 | Unknown or other (58) | — |
| 2022 | Electric | AWD | 101–120 MPGe | Not rated | 20 | 138 | Forward collision avoidance (34) | — |
| 2021 | Electric | AWD | 96–120 MPGe | Not rated | 24 | 179 | Forward collision avoidance (48) | — |
| 2020 | Electric | AWD | 97–117 MPGe | Not rated | 11 | 80 | Forward collision avoidance (23) | — |
| 2019 | Electric | AWD | 97–111 MPGe | Not rated | 10 | 32 | Suspension (8) | — |
| 2018 | Electric | AWD, RWD | 98–103 MPGe | Not rated | 11 | 128 | Electrical system (32) | — |
| 2017 | Electric | AWD, RWD | 95–104 MPGe | Not rated | 9 | 379 | Electrical system (104) | — |
| 2016 | Electric | AWD, RWD | 89–104 MPGe | 5 of 5 | 10 | 604 | Suspension (204) | — |
| 2015 | Electric | AWD, RWD | 89–101 MPGe | 5 of 5 | 9 | 646 | Electrical system (256) | — |
| 2014 | Electric | 4WD, RWD | 89–95 MPGe | 5 of 5 | 9 | 365 | Electrical system (132) | — |
| 2013 | Electric | RWD | 89–95 MPGe | 5 of 5 | 11 | 459 | Electrical system (195) | — |
Owner complaints are unverified reports to NHTSA, counted as filed: older years have had longer to collect them and sales aren't adjusted for, so see Which year to buy for a fair comparison. Most-reported problem: the component named in the most complaints that year. Sources: EPA, NHTSA, Apple.
Every NHTSA-rated version: crash ratings, safety tech, recalls, complaints
| Year | Version | Stars | Forward collision warning | Lane departure warning | Recalls | Complaints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | TESLA MODEL S 5 HB BEV AWD | Not Rated | No | No | 0 | 4 |
| 2025 | Tesla Model S (All Variants) 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 2 | 6 |
| 2024 | Tesla Model S (All Variants) 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 6 | 38 |
| 2023 | Tesla Model S (All Variants) 5 HB AWD Early Release | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 13 | 113 |
| 2023 | Tesla Model S (All Variants) Later Release 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 0 | 5 |
| 2022 | Tesla Model S (All Variants) 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 20 | 138 |
| 2021 | Tesla Model S 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 24 | 179 |
| 2020 | Tesla Model S (All Variants) 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 11 | 80 |
| 2019 | Tesla Model S 60D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 32 |
| 2019 | Tesla Model S 75D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 32 |
| 2019 | Tesla Model S 90D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 32 |
| 2019 | Tesla Model S P100D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 32 |
| 2019 | Tesla Model S P90D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 32 |
| 2018 | Tesla Model S 60D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 9 | 128 |
| 2018 | Tesla Model S 75D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 9 | 128 |
| 2018 | Tesla Model S 90D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 9 | 128 |
| 2018 | Tesla Model S P100D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 9 | 128 |
| 2018 | Tesla Model S P90D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 9 | 128 |
| 2017 | Tesla Model S 60 5 HB RWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 7 | 379 |
| 2017 | Tesla Model S 60D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 7 | 379 |
| 2017 | Tesla Model S 75 5 HB RWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 7 | 379 |
| 2017 | Tesla Model S 75D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 7 | 379 |
| 2017 | Tesla Model S 90D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 7 | 379 |
| 2017 | Tesla Model S P100D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 7 | 379 |
| 2017 | Tesla Model S P90D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 7 | 379 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 60 5 HB RWD Later Release | Not Rated | No | No | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 60 5 HB RWD Early Release | 5 | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 60D 5 HB AWD Later Release | Not Rated | No | No | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 60D 5 HB AWD Early Release | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 70 5 HB RWD | 5 | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 70D 5 HB AWD | 5 | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 75 5 HB RWD Later Release | Not Rated | No | No | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 75 5 HB RWD Early Release | 5 | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 75D 5 HB AWD Later Release | Not Rated | No | No | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 75D 5 HB AWD Early Release | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 85 5 HB RWD | 5 | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 85D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 90 5 HB RWD | 5 | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 90D 5 HB AWD Later Release | Not Rated | No | No | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S 90D 5 HB AWD Early Release | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S P100D 5 HB AWD Later Release | Not Rated | No | No | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S P100D 5 HB AWD Early Release | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S P85D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S P90D 5 HB AWD Later Release | Not Rated | No | No | 8 | 604 |
| 2016 | Tesla Model S P90D 5 HB AWD Early Release | Not Rated | Standard | Standard | 8 | 604 |
| 2015 | Tesla Model S 60KWH 5 HB RWD | 5 | Standard | Optional | 8 | 646 |
| 2015 | Tesla Model S 70D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Optional | 8 | 646 |
| 2015 | Tesla Model S 85D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Optional | 8 | 646 |
| 2015 | Tesla Model S 85KWH 5 HB RWD | 5 | Standard | Optional | 8 | 646 |
| 2015 | Tesla Model S P85D 5 HB AWD | Not Rated | Standard | Optional | 8 | 646 |
| 2014 | Tesla Model S 5 HB RWD | 5 | No | Standard | 9 | 365 |
| 2013 | Tesla Model S 5 HB RWD | 5 | No | No | 11 | 459 |
Source: NHTSA.
Every EPA-rated version: engines and combined mpg
| Year | EPA model | Engines | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Model S | Auto (A1) | 124 |
| 2026 | Model S Plaid | Auto (A1) | 110 |
| 2026 | Model S Plaid (21in wheels) | Auto (A1) | 93 |
| 2025 | Model S | Auto (A1) | 124 |
| 2025 | Model S Plaid (19in wheels) | Auto (A1) | 104 |
| 2025 | Model S Plaid (21in wheels) | Auto (A1) | 93 |
| 2024 | Model S | Auto (A1) | 122 |
| 2024 | Model S Plaid (19in wheels) | Auto (A1) | 107 |
| 2024 | Model S Plaid (21in wheels) | Auto (A1) | 96 |
| 2023 | Model S | Auto (A1) | 120 |
| 2022 | Model S | Auto (A1) | 120 |
| 2022 | Model S Plaid (19 inch wheels) | Auto (A1) | 116 |
| 2022 | Model S Plaid (21 inch wheels) | Auto (A1) | 101 |
| 2021 | Model S Long Range | Auto (A1) | 120 |
| 2021 | Model S Performance (19in Wheels) | Auto (A1) | 110 |
| 2021 | Model S Performance (21in Wheels) | Auto (A1) | 96 |
| 2021 | Model S Plaid (21inch wheels) | Auto (A1) | 101 |
| 2020 | Model S Long Range | Auto (A1) | 111 |
| 2020 | Model S Long Range Plus | Auto (A1) | 117 |
| 2020 | Model S Performance (19in Wheels) | Auto (A1) | 104 |
| 2020 | Model S Performance (21in Wheels) | Auto (A1) | 97 |
| 2020 | Model S Standard Range | Auto (A1) | 109 |
| 2019 | Model S 100D | Auto (A1) | 102 |
| 2019 | Model S 75D | Auto (A1) | 103 |
| 2019 | Model S Long Range | Auto (A1) | 111 |
| 2019 | Model S P100D | Auto (A1) | 98 |
| 2019 | Model S Performance (19in Wheels) | Auto (A1) | 104 |
| 2019 | Model S Performance (21in Wheels) | Auto (A1) | 97 |
| 2019 | Model S Standard Range | Auto (A1) | 109 |
| 2018 | Model S 100D | Auto (A1) | 102 |
| 2018 | Model S 75D | Auto (A1) | 103 |
| 2018 | Model S 75kWh | Auto (A1) | 98 |
| 2018 | Model S P100D | Auto (A1) | 98 |
| 2017 | Model S (60 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 99 |
| 2017 | Model S (75 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 98 |
| 2017 | Model S AWD - 100D | Auto (A1) | 102 |
| 2017 | Model S AWD - 60D | Auto (A1) | 104 |
| 2017 | Model S AWD - 75D | Auto (A1) | 103 |
| 2017 | Model S AWD - 90D | Auto (A1) | 104 |
| 2017 | Model S AWD - P100D | Auto (A1) | 98 |
| 2017 | Model S AWD - P90D | Auto (A1) | 95 |
| 2016 | Model S (60 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 99 |
| 2016 | Model S (70 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
| 2016 | Model S (75 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 98 |
| 2016 | Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
| 2016 | Model S (90 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - 60D | Auto (A1) | 104 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - 70D | Auto (A1) | 101 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - 75D | Auto (A1) | 103 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - 85D | Auto (A1) | 100 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - 90D | Auto (A1) | 103 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - P100D | Auto (A1) | 98 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - P85D | Auto (A1) | 93 |
| 2016 | Model S AWD - P90D | Auto (A1) | 95 |
| 2015 | Model S (60 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 95 |
| 2015 | Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
| 2015 | Model S (90 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
| 2015 | Model S AWD - 70D | Auto (A1) | 101 |
| 2015 | Model S AWD - 85D | Auto (A1) | 100 |
| 2015 | Model S AWD - 90D | Auto (A1) | 100 |
| 2015 | Model S AWD - P85D | Auto (A1) | 93 |
| 2015 | Model S AWD - P90D | Auto (A1) | 93 |
| 2014 | Model S (60 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 95 |
| 2014 | Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
| 2014 | Model S AWD (85 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
| 2013 | Model S (40 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 94 |
| 2013 | Model S (60 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 95 |
| 2013 | Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack) | Auto (A1) | 89 |
Source: fueleconomy.gov.